| Selector | Example | Example description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .class | .intro | Selects all elements with class=”intro” | ||
| #id | #firstname | Selects the element with id=”firstname” | ||
| * | * | Selects all elements | ||
| element | p | Selects all elements |
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| element,element | div, p | Selects all elements and all elements |
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| element element | div p | Selects all elements inside elements |
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| element>element | div > p | Selects all elements where the parent is a element |
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| element+element | div + p | Selects all elements that are placed immediately after elements |
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| element1~element2 | p ~ ul | Selects every
element |
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| [attribute] | [target] | Selects all elements with a target attribute | ||
| [attribute=value] | [target=_blank] | Selects all elements with target=”_blank” | ||
| [attribute~=value] | [title~=flower] | Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word “flower” | ||
| [[attribute\ | =value]](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/sel_attribute_value_lang.asp) | [lang\ | =en] | Selects all elements with a lang attribute value starting with “en” |
| [attribute^=value] | a[href^=”https”] | Selects every element whose href attribute value begins with “https” | ||
| [attribute$=value] | a[href$=”.pdf”] | Selects every element whose href attribute value ends with “.pdf” | ||
| [attribute**=value*] | a[href*=”w3schools”] | Selects every element whose href attribute value contains the substring “w3schools” | ||
| :active | a:active | Selects the active link | ||
| ::after | p::after | Insert something after the content of each element |
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| ::before | p::before | Insert something before the content of each element |
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| :checked | input:checked | Selects every checked element | ||
| :disabled | input:disabled | Selects every disabled element | ||
| :empty | p:empty | Selects every element that has no children (including text nodes) |
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| :enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled element | ||
| :first-child | p:first-child | Selects every element that is the first child of its parent |
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| ::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every element |
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| ::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every element |
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| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every element that is the first element of its parent |
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| :focus | input:focus | Selects the input element which has focus | ||
| :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over | ||
| :in-range | input:in-range | Selects input elements with a value within a specified range | ||
| :invalid | input:invalid | Selects all input elements with an invalid value | ||
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | Selects every element with a lang attribute equal to “it” (Italian) |
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| :last-child | p:last-child | Selects every element that is the last child of its parent |
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| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every element that is the last element of its parent |
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| :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links | ||
| :not(selector) | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a element |
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| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every element that is the second child of its parent |
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| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
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| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every element that is the second element of its parent, counting from the last child |
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| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every element that is the second element of its parent |
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| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every element that is the only element of its parent |
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| :only-child | p:only-child | Selects every element that is the only child of its parent |
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| :optional | input:optional | Selects input elements with no “required” attribute | ||
| :out-of-range | input:out-of-range | Selects input elements with a value outside a specified range | ||
| :read-only | input:read-only | Selects input elements with the “readonly” attribute specified | ||
| :read-write | input:read-write | Selects input elements with the “readonly” attribute NOT specified | ||
| :required | input:required | Selects input elements with the “required” attribute specified | ||
| :root | :root | Selects the document’s root element | ||
| ::selection | ::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user | ||
| :target | #news:target | Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) | ||
| :valid | input:valid | Selects all input elements with a valid value | ||
| :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links |